Themaister/pyrowave

PyroWave

PyroWave is an intra-only video codec (practially speaking a still-image codec) that is optimized for extremely fast GPU encode (< ~0.1 ms encode and decode at 1080p, < ~0.2 ms at 4K). It is fully implemented in Vulkan compute shaders.

The targeted bit-rates are quite high (~200+ mbit/s) and the intended use case is local network game streaming over ethernet with absolute minimum latency where bandwidth is less of a concern.

It is integrated as part of my pyrofling project.

It is similar in scope to my master thesis from 2014, except the use case now is game streaming instead of adaptation of raw video to ethernet links.

Overview

Colorspace

Currently implemented YCbCr 4:2:0 and 4:4:4.

Wavelets

The images are transformed with the Discrete Wavelet Transform using CDF 9/7 filter. This is basically the exact same as JPEG2000.

Exact rate control

The encoder can target exact maximum bitrate for an encoded image.

Trivial "entropy" coding

The encoding of coefficients is trivial compared to normal image codecs, and is responsible for a large increase in bit-rate, especially at higher compression ratios. This simplicity massively improves encode/decode performance, since it's extremely parallelizable. It also makes it possible to do a single-pass exact rate control for an entire image.

It should be possible in theory to add a more proper entropy coder to the encoded bit-planes to achieve somewhat competent compression, but that has not been explored and is out of scope. High Throughput JPEG2000 is likely a good place to look for that anyway.

Robustness against packet loss

Being intra-only and encoding 64x64 blocks of coefficients in isolation ensures great recovery against packet loss. PyroWave has been battled tested over long distance streaming over fiber links.

Bitstream definition

See [docs/bitstream.md]()

Building

PyroWave is intended to be built alongside PyroFling with Granite in the normal case.

Standalone C API

NOTE: This API is still under development and the API/ABI is not yet quite stable.

A small portion of Granite needs to be checked out.

bash checkout_granite.sh

Build normally with CMake and a C API is installed.

$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=output -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -G Ninja
$ ninja install
[0/1] Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "Release"
-- Installing: ...../build/output/include/pyrowave/pyrowave.h
-- Installing: ...../build/output/lib/libpyrowave-shared.so.0.0.0
-- Installing: ...../build/output/lib/libpyrowave-shared.so.0
-- Installing: ...../build/output/lib/libpyrowave-shared.so
-- Installing: ...../build/output/share/pyrowave-shared/cmake/pyrowave-sharedConfig.cmake
-- Installing: ...../build/output/share/pyrowave-shared/cmake/pyrowave-sharedConfig-release.cmake
-- Installing: ...../build/output/share/pkgconfig/pyrowave-shared.pc

The build is tested on Linux, MinGW, msys2 and MSVC. See pyrowave-c-test which unit tests the shared C API. That test also serves as a basic user guide for the API.

build-steamrt.sh builds against the Sniper SDK and is also supported.

Android standalone build

This assumes that NDK is installed somewhere.

# Replace as needed. Any NDK should work in theory, but this is the one I checked with.
$ NDK_VERSION=29.0.14206865
$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$ANDROID_HOME/ndk/$NDK_VERSION/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
    -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
    -G Ninja -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=output
$ ninja install

Local development and CLI

For the sample and test applications in this repo however, check out the full https://github.com/Themaister/Granite before invoking CMake. Build with -DPYROWAVE_DEVEL=ON to get the "full" build.

git clone --depth 1 --recursive --shallow-submodules https://github.com/Themaister/Granite Granite

Basic encoder/decoder CLI

The basic CLI takes a y4m and dumps out a raw bitstream. This is just intended for local testing.

pyrowave-encode test.y4m out.wave 400000

This encodes a raw bitstream where each frame consumes maximum 400 KB. To decode back to y4m:

pyrowave-decode out.wave out.y4m